การขาดแคลนแรงงานและปัญหาการจ้างแรงงานต่างด้าว อย่างถูกกฎหมายของผู้ประกอบการกิจการอุตสาหกรรม ก่อสร้างในเขตอำเภอเมืองเชียงใหม่

Abstract

The purposes of this research were: 1) to survey the situation and condition of employment problems and a labor shortage problem of entrepreneurs in the construction industry in Mueang, Chiang Mai. This survey included the opinions on the mitigation of labor shortage from the labor shortage solutions of government sectors. 2) to analyze suitability and obstacle in abiding by measures of migrant workers shortage solutions. 3) to propose a management guideline for migrant workers' work in the construction industry to the government sector. The purpose of this proposal was to allow entrepreneurs in the construction industry to import, migrate, and employ labors legally. This research employed a quantitative research methodology to collect information from 321 people consisting of the ordinary and juristic entrepreneurs running construction businesses in Mueang, Chiang Mai. Besides, qualitative research methodology was also utilized by interviewing 15 entrepreneurs. The findings indicated that: 1) in the situation of migrant workers employment, entrepreneurs of the construction industry in Mueang, Chiang Mai, by 38.63% all legally hired migrant workers more than 20 people with the reason that they could not find Thai workers. There were wages and welfare for those workers as the same as Thai workers by 75.70%. For the condition of labor shortage, there were occasional problems with 99.06%. Regarding the type of labor shortage, there were skilled labor and semi-skilled labor. In addition, there was the impact from labor shortage which was a higher labor cost where entrepreneurs had to hire labors in a higher price in order to take them from other places. There were the problems with communication, honesty, and work migration without informing about labor inspection from a government official as well. 2) measures of migrant workers' employment solutions by the government sector were inappropriate and problematic (x = 2.30). Namely, legal measures (x = 2.22) where the nationality verification process of Myanmar labors had the practical problems on the documentation process as imported labors under the MOU agreement (1 person or more). Concerning migrant workers management, it was generally inappropriate and problematic (x = 1.79), especially transparency in labor inspection (x = 2.44), law enforcement (x = 1.45), and inspection of illegal migrant workers by the official (x = 1.44). Furthermore, there were more improprieties and problems as follows: the labor import under the MOU agreement, employer changing, and job determination that the only allowed job to work was labor (x = 1.47). As for the MOU expenses in the country, it was considered appropriate. 3) the policy and law measures that entrepreneurs substantially expected and wanted to be enforced as the solutions of migrant workers problems are the process reduction in migrant workers import, the facilitation of the request for hiring migrant workers without the agent (x = 3.63), and the improvement in the nationality verification process that was slow, complex, and beneficial to the agent. There should be fewer documents, and facilitators in every process to expedite the process. Apart from those things, there should be an appointment for entrepreneurs in order to reduce time and unnecessary processes, and there should be able to register through the online system, etc.