ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลในการใช้สินเชื่อเพื่อการส่งออก-นำเข้า กับสถาบันการเงินของผู้ประกอบการ ในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the business operators’ behavior and the factors influencing their use of export-import loans provided by financial institutions. It was confined to the case of 300 business operators in Chiang Mai Province that used such trade finance services available at local branches of various financial institutions. The analysis was based on the results of descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, and arithmetic mean as well as the statistical inference by t-test. The study found that the questionnaire respondents typically were male business operators, 41 – 52 years old, married, with bachelor’s degree education, and holding the business executive or owner position. Most business firms under study were registered as company limited, involved in production/manufacturing activities, had been in operation for 2 - 12 years, made no more than 500,000 baht monthly business income, had China as their main trading partner, employed no more than 10 employees, and established their business offices in Mueang District of Chiang Mai Province. In terms of business performance, they were commonly found to experience rather stable production as well as operating costs while their income and net profit appeared to grow. The investigation on export-import loans use behavior revealed that most business operators used such trade finance services provided by Kasikorn Bank with the objective to increase the liquidity of their export business. In general, the loan limit was in the range of 500,001 – 1,000,000 baht, at the interest rate not exceeding 9 % per year, for one year credit term, with 12 repayment installments, and with the use of land title deed as collateral or third party guarantor for suretyship. Most business operators were introduced or advised by the commercial bank personnel to use the export-import loan services as well as learned the related information themselves from the bank’s website. On factors influencing the business operators in Chiang Mai Province to use export-import loans offered by various financial institutions, the study found that the first most influential factor indicated by the majority of questionnaire respondents was personnel. This was followed in descending order by the factors of physical characteristics, price, process, product, market promotion, and distribution.As for whether difference between groups exists in the opinion regarding marketing mix factors which had influence on the use of export-import loans, the investigation found that the business operators with average business income less than 800,000 baht were different at statistically significant level from those having average business income more than 800,000 baht in their opinions about the four marketing mix factors. Apparently, the business operators in more than 800.000 baht income group assigned the scores to the four marketing mix factors namely market promotion, personnel, physical characteristics, and process higher than what given by those in the otherwise group. However, when categorized into different loan size groups, the business operators with the loan limit greater than 2 million baht and those with the loan limit less than 2 million baht were different at statistically significant level in their opinions in only one aspect which was the factor of personnel that received higher average score from the former group than what from the latter group. Based on this finding, the commercial banks are advised to strengthen the knowledge and understanding of their personnel about the personal background of business operators which might bring about different opinions and behaviors of the latter such that the bank personnel can selectively offer different products and services to different types of bank customer for efficiency and effectiveness.