รูปแบบการให้บริการเภสัชกรรมทางไกลและมุมมองของเภสัชกรต่อประโยชน์และอุปสรรคของการให้บริการเภสัชกรรมทางไกล

Abstract

Objectives: The cross-sectional analytical study aimed to 1) investigate on the telepharmacy service model utilized in hospital settings. 2) study the benefits and barriers of telepharmacy services from the perspective of pharmacists, and 3) snalyze the variables associated to the telepharmaceutical services offered by hospitals under the Ministry of Public Health. Methods: sample were 952 hospitals under the Ministry of Public Health. Quota samples were chosen based on the different various types of hospitals. A questionnaire was utilized for collecting information between January 15 and February 15, 2023. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Applying logistic regression statistics, evaluate telepharmacy service-related factors. Results: The survey included a participant of 421 hospitals, and 165 of them offered telepharmacy services, accounting for 39.19% of the total. Specialized hospitals provided the most services, with 80.0%, followed by large general hospitals with 72.00%. Telemedicine services combined with telepharmacy services were the type of service that offered the most services, followed by hospital-based medical services combined with telepharmacy services, with 52.12% and 39.39% of the total services provided. In addition to other hospitals, the community discovered a type of telepharmacy service, namely a service offered by the hospital in conjunction with sub-district health promoting hospitals. An approach to evaluating the effectiveness of existing services collect indicators for telepharmacy services in just 60.00% of the institutions under consideration. About 69% of the hospitals in the study collected information on clinical/medication outcomes and service process results. Data on clinical/medication outcomes findings were collected mostly for adverse drug reactions (77.19%), secondly for medication compliance (76.74%). The service process outcome that collected the most data was also the number of patients using telepharmacy services, followed by patient satisfaction 83.95% and 64.20%, respectively.

According to pharmacists' perceptions on the benefits and barriers of telepharmacy services, hospitals that offered these services scored higher than hospitals in terms of pharmacists' perceptions of the benefits. Service access (4.57±0.53 VS 4.30±0.62)(p<0.001), service coverage (4.19±0.71 VS 4.03±0.71) (p=0.026), service quality (4.14±0.58 VS 3.86±0.72) (p<0.001), and service safety (3.85±0.67 VS 3.71±0.56) (p=0.019) all demonstrated statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Regarding the perspectives of the barriers to telepharmacy services, it was discovered that hospitals that offered telepharmacy services had significantly lower mean scores of perceives each barrier than hospitals that did not offer tele-pharmaceutical services (p<0.05). These barriers included leadership and governance (3.03 ±1.15 VS 3.37 ± 0.94) (p=0.001), medical technology (3.12± 1.11 VS 3.43 ± 1.03) (p=0.003), health information system (3.54±0.92 VS 3.76 ±0.79) (p=0.009), and the service system (3.44±1.01 VS 3.67 ± 0.93) (p=0.018) Factors related to remote pharmacy services with statistical significance were hospital types, such as center hospitals(OR=6.69; 95%C1-1=1.84-24.29)(p=0.004), large general hospitals(OR =6.21; 95%C1=1.94-19.83) (p=0.002), small general hospitals (OR=7.56; 95%C1=2.46-23.18)(p<0.001) and specialized hospitals (OR=11.33; 95%C1=3.72-34.46) (p<0.001). The benefits of telepharmacy services from the pharmacist's perspective were service access (OR=1.76; 95%Cl-1.14-2.72) (p=0.011) and service quality (OR=1.57; 95%C1=1.07-2.31) (p=0.021). Leadership and governance were the perspectives on the barriers of telepharmacy services (OR=0.73; 95%C1=0.58-0.91) (p=0.005). Conclusion: Telepharmacy is the delivery of pharmaceutical services. Telepharmacy is the use of information and communication technology by pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical services. To provide medication guidance and other drug-related services. According to the abities and resources of each hospital, many service models for hospital services are developed. The main stakeholders in the provision of services are pharmacists. The implementation of telepharmacy services in the delivery of services is influenced by the pharmacist's perspective on the benefits and barriers of providing services.