คุณค่าทางโภชนะของเศษเหลือเครื่องในสัตว์ปีกป่นและการใช้ทดแทนปลาป่น ในอาหารที่มีผลต่อสมรรถภาพการผลิตและองค์ประกอบซากของไก่ให้เนื้อ

Abstract

Poultry offal waste (POW), a byproduct from the butchering of poultry, was collected from standard slaughter houses in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces. After steaming for 30 minutes, being oven-dried and ground to poultry offal waste meal (POM), the chemical composition was determined. It contained on DM basis as follows: 64.74% CP, 30.70% EE, 1.04% CF, 5.81% ash, and 2.44% NFE, with a GE of 6.66 kcal/g DM. In contrast, POM that underwent autoclaving at a pressure of 30 psi, 134 ºC for 3 minutes, being dried and ground into meal form, exhibited CP, EE, CF, Ash, and NFE at 66.57, 23.35, 1.01%, 4.90, and 4.16% of DM respectively, with 6.52 kcal GE/g DM. This study was organized into three distinct experiments. Experiment 1: Focusing on the determination of ME, comprised two sub-experiments involving adult male chickens of two breeds; i.e. Pradu Hang Dam chicken and the Royal Project Foundation black-boned chicken. Sub-experiment 1 employed Single force-feeding method of POM, while Sub-experiment 2 Substitution method incorporating 0, 2, 4, and 8% of POM. There was no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) of ME values predicted from Linear regression equations between the two chicken breeds. However, the ME obtained from the Force-feeding exceeded the prediction using the Regression equation (4.226 ± 0.079 vs. 4.073 ± 0.015 kcal/g DM, R2 = 0.99). Furthermore, the predicted ME values closely mirrored the values observed when POM replaced basal feed at the 8% level (4.059 kcal/g DM), suggesting a potentially suitable level of incorporation in poultry diets. Experiment 2: Investigating the use of POM, replacing fishmeal (61% CP), in broiler diets at levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The diets were adjusted to provide equal CP and ME levels (isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets), including Iso Lys and Met. A total of 1,500 eight days old Ross 308 male broilers were divided into five groups with three replicates of 100 birds each in 2 x 4 m2 cages. They were raised in an Evaporative cooling system house with ad libitum access to water and feed. After ending week 6 of birds’ age, birds were randomly selected based on each Standard deviation (SD) of body weight, including ±1SD and ±2SD resulting in a total of 8 birds per treatment or 120 birds in total. The result of carcass components revealed that POM could replace 75% of fishmeal without adversely affecting production performance (body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate). At all levels, it was possible to reduce feed cost per gain without impacting carcass percentages, abdominal fat plus visceral fat. However, 100% replacement with POM negatively affected the average daily growth and body weight compared to the control group. Experiment 3: Focusing on using POM to replace fishmeal in crossbred native chicken diets at levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Similar to Experiment 2, the diets were adjusted to maintain equal levels of CP, ME, Lys, and Met. Crossbred native chicken of Pradu Hang Dam roosters and Hubbard JA 57 Ki hens were used. A total of 750 eight days old male chicks were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates of 50 birds each in 2 x 4 m2 cages. The birds were raised in an Open-house system, receiving ad libitum access to feed and water. After, ending week 10 of birds age, 120 birds were randomly selected for studying carcass components based on the same method as Experiment 2 The results showed that crossbred native chicken could tolerate up to 100% replacement of fishmeal with POM without adversely affecting production performance (body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate). At all levels, it was possible to reduce feed cost per gain. However, at replacement levels of 75% and above, there was a significant increase in abdominal fat plus visceral fat compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, POM has nutritional values closely comparable to fishmeal. It possesses high levels of CP, EE, and ME. This makes it suitable for replacing 100% of fishmeal in crossbred native chicken diets. However, it is recommended to use POM as a replacement for fishmeal in broiler diets at a maximum level of 75%.