ความผิดปกติทางระบบโครงร่างและกล้ามเนื้อของพนักงานขับรถโดยสารรับจ้างในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most important causes of disability which are major problems in health systems worldwide. The prevalence of MSDs among drivers has been shown in high level.The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders and evaluate the exposure of individual drivers to ergonomic risk factors among taxi drivers in Chiang Mai Province. Analytic cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 344red car taxi drivers and 24 red car taxi driver were participated in the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment. Participated were recruited by convenience sampling and data were collected period from August 2021 to November 2021. Data were collected using geneal information questionnaires which included personal and health factors, ergonomic factors, Standardized Nordic Questionnaire to determine MSDs, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) to determine ergonomic risk, and Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) to determine stress factor.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and presented in frequency, percentage, and mean. Correlation between pain and associated risks were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.The results showed that the top three areas of pain prevalence in the past 7 days were found at the shoulder joint (7.6%), lower back (4.9%) and knee (2.9%), respectively. The results showed that the top three areas of pain prevalence in the past 12 months were found at the lower back (43.3%), shoulder joint (22.4%) and hip/thighs (14.5%), respectively. Factors associated with MSDs in the past 7 days were include age > 60 ปี (OR = 4.53, 95%CI =1.09 - 22.13) compared to younger people. Work experience 1– 10 years (OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 1.28 - 15.07) compared to those with more experience. Driving continuously without resting > 2 hours (OR= 2.94 , 95%CI = 1.27 - 6.80) compared to those who drive continuously without rest less than 2 hours. The whole body vibration (OR = 0.23 , 95%CI = 0.08 - 0.70) risk to MSDs less than those who do not impede driving from the vibration 77%. Posture with the legs stretched straight while stepping on the pedal (OR =1.87, 95%CI = 1.09 - 3.89) compared to those who have never practiced or sometimes. Low levels of stress (OR =0.35, 95%CI = 0.14 - 0.89) risk to MSDs less than people with high levels of stress from overwork 65%.Factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders in the past 12 mounth were include body mass index, Obesity level 1 (OR= 3.89 , 95%CI = 1.34 - 11.29) and obesity level 2 (OR = 4.05 , 95%CI = 1.47 - 11.14) compared to that of thin/normal body mass index. Work experience 1-10 years (OR = 0.42 , 95%CI = 0.24 - 0.94) and 11 - 20 years (Adj.OR = 0.33 , 95%CI = 0.11 - 0.96) risk to MSD less than to work experience >30 years 58 % and 67 %. Exercise < 3 time/week (OR = 0.38 , 95% = CI 0.13 - 0.87), exercise 3-5 time/week (OR = 0.09 , 95%CI = 0.03 - 0.31) and exercise >5 time/week (OR= 0.27 , 95%CI = 0.07 - 0.95) risk to MSDs less than those who had never exercised 62 %, 91% and 73 %. Ride a bike (OR= 0.33 , 95%CI = 0.11 - 0.96) risk to MSDs less than did not exercise by ride a bike 67%. The whole body vibration (OR= 2.79 , 95%CI = 1.88 - 8.78) compared to those who do not impede driving from the vibration. The results of this study showed that the ergonomic risks were at level 2 (83.3%).That mean the job is risky, there should be more studies and continuous monitoring and measurement. Followed by level 3 (16.7 %). That means that job started to be a problem, should be further studied and improved. In conclusion, personal and health factors, ergonomic factor and stress factor was associated with musculoskeletal disorders in red car taxi drivers. Therefore, should promote a basic knowledge of work posture correction including regular exercise activities and stress management appropriately.