ความหลากชนิดและการแพร่กระจายของด้วงหนวดยาวในประเทศไทย

Abstract

Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the largest, most diverse, and important insect pests for agriculture and forestry. However, the fauna and ecology of these beetles are not well known in Thailand. This study is the first to report the biodiversity, elevation, and seasonal distribution of longhorn beetles which found in Thailand. Specimens were collected by malaise traps from 41 localities in 24 national parks throughout the country during 2006–2009. The traps were operated at each site for 12 consecutive months with a monthly service. A total of 199 morphospecies in 36 tribes of 6 subfamilies were identified from 1,376 specimens. Of these, 40.7% and 14.5% of total taxa were singletons and doubletons, respectively. The Shannon diversity index and observed species richness index at Panernthung, Loei Forest Unit and Mae Fang Hot spring were high at 0.96 (30), 0.88 (50), and 0.86 (34), respectively. Local richness ranged between 3 and 50 species, while the species richness estimator showed between 6and 1,275 species. The most relatively abundant species, Nupserha lenita, Pterolophia sp.1, Oberea sp.3, Acalolepta pseudospeciosa, and Acalolepta rustricatrix represented 4.80%, 4.80%, 4.80%, 4.5%, and 4.43% of the species, respectively. The species with the widest distribution range of percentage of species occurrence (% SO) was Pterolophia sp.1 (63.4%), followed by Acalolepta rustricatrix (39%) and Moechotypa suffuse (39%). In a significantly negative relationship between species richness and elevation (p> 0.05, R2 = 0.04), the species richness pattern showed a hump-shaped curve that peaked at the middle elevation (501-1000 m asl). Regarding seasonal variation, most of the species occurred during the hot season (March-April) and peaked in early rainy season (May), while a low number of species were found during the mid-rainy (June-October) and cold season (November-February). Ordination analysis indicated that the distribution of most species was associated with regions and forest type, and most of the species correlated with forest located at middle and low elevation. The results of this study indicated the very high biodiversity of longhorn beetles in Thailand, which suggest that an understanding of their seasonal and elevational distribution will be of value to agriculture management and conservation.