Synthesis of Na(Fe<inf>1-x</inf>Al<inf>x</inf>)PO<inf>4</inf> cathode materials for sodium battery

Abstract

The battery is one of the most important energy sources. The most popular types of battery for energy storage are lithium batteries. However, due to its high energy storage value and long service life, there are also disadvantages to the environment. Because lithium batteries are still toxic, making the disposal or recycling of lithium batteries difficult. This has led to the development of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in high-efficiency electrochemical energy storage devices and rechargeable electric vehicles to replace lithium batteries with limited lithium content. In comparison, sodium batteries use elemental sodium that is readily available, abundant, and has low production costs. For battery applications, Na+ sodium ion provides an efficient moving charge carrier, stable structure, and can make phosphate electrodes with a stable open structure. Furthermore, it gives a voltage value of 3.4 V. Therefore, a synthetic method study in this study. Na(Fe1-xAlx)PO4 through a solid-state process and calcination at 650, 675, 700, 725, and 750 °C to provide the substance with the desired phase. The samples were analyzed through the phase formation analysis process using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and morphology characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This experiment and study guide the future development of sodium acid ion batteries.