การศึกษาเปรียบเทียบคำเรียกชื่อโรคในภาษาไทยและภาษาจีนตาม แนวคิดอรรถศาสตร์ชาติพันธุ์

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the semantic components and folk taxonomy of disease names in Thai and Mandarin Chinese. A total of 189 disease abbreviations included in the scope of this study were analyzed. There were 8 dimensions of differences in terms of disease names in both languages: “the disease organ” dimension, the “symptom of disease” dimension, the “cause of disease” dimension, the “vector disease” dimension, “disease time” dimension, “sex” dimension, “age” dimension, and “special character” dimension. There are two dimensions which only occurred in Chinese but not occurred in Thai. They are the dimension of “treatment method” and “duration of symptoms”. The results of the folk taxonomy revealed that Disease names in Thai and Mandarin Chinese can be classified into four hierarchies: Unique beginner, Generic, Specific and Varietal. As for the category of diseases that can be classified into a specific hierarchy These include cancer, inflammatory disease, fever, gallstones, pox, cyst disease, rash, parasitic disease, tumor disease, wart and tuberculosis, both in Thai and Chinese. cataract name category Measles and hemorrhoids are found only in Thai disease names. As for skin diseases caused by fungi (癣) and ulcers (疮), they were found only in Chinese names.