Dynamic of anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) levels and short-term adverse events following a heterologous booster dose of BNT162b2 after two doses of CoronaVac in Thai health care workers

Abstract

Background: CoronaVac was administered as the primary COVID-19 vaccine for Thai health care workers (HCWs) in early 2021 in response to the epidemic of new variants. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic of humoral immune response as well as the short-term side effects resulting from the booster dose of BNT162b2 following completion of a CoronaVac double-dose in Thai HCWs. Methods: This study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Northern Thailand during August and September 2021. The participants were 50 HCWs who were vaccinated with 2 doses of CoronaVac and were scheduled to receive a booster dose of BNT162b2. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies levels and short-term side effects were assessed. The anti-RBD level was determined using Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott). Result: Of the 50 participants, 37 were female. The median age was 33.0 years old. The average time between the second CoronaVac shot and the BNT162b2 booster shot was 81.7 days (SD = 25.0). The median anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody level on booster vaccination date, as well as day 14, and day 28 after the booster were 335.5 AU/ml, 31,613.5 AU/ml, and 20,311.9 AU/ml, respectively. Fourteen days after the booster, 94% of participants had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels higher than 50.0 AU/ml. Being female, higher log anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies prior to booster vaccination, and longer interval between the second shot and the booster shot were found to be significantly associated with higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies at both day 14 and day 28 after the booster. There were no reports of serious adverse events. Conclusion: A booster dose of BNT162B2 promoted a high level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among HCWs who received 2 doses of CoronaVac. The time between the second CoronaVac shot and the booster shot should be at least three months. There were no severe adverse effects observed.