Development of location determination model for electric vehicle charging stations on main and secondary highways in Thailand

Abstract

Due to the growth in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2019, all nations were forced to implement aggressively Nationally Determined Contributions to mitigate the effects, as the global temperature rise may reach 1.5°C. This study proposes a location determination framework namely “Tri-Phase Model”. To determine the suitable location for deploying Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations (EVFCS) in existing gas stations along highways. This model is combining a Multi-Period Arc Cover-Path Cover Model (MACPC) integrating with the Freeway Traffic Capture Method (FTCM) and Load-Distance Technique (LDT) approach in response to different charging circumstances for EVs. The most suitable strategic locations for charging stations were identified based on constraints for long travel by optimization location with increasing demand and vehicle range to the deployment of Electric Vehicles. The result of this study can encourage sustainable transportation initiatives, increase customer confidence, and enhance related energy and transportation policy. Locations of charging stations that facilitate decision-making from environmental protection and economic were identified by the study. In addition, the concern that drivers of electric vehicles encounter when their batteries run out of energy is tackled in this study. It is a turning point in Thailand's transportation industry, which favors more environmentally friendly forms and adds to the international discussion on environmentally friendly transportation.