ผลของโปรแกรมการกำกับตนเองต่อการจัดการอาหารและระดับน้ำตาลในเลือดในผู้ที่มีภาวะเบาหวานชนิดที่ 2 ที่ควบคุมไม่ได้ในชุมชน

Abstract

Proper consumption in persons with type 2 diabetes is essential to control blood sugar levels. This quasi-experimental research which included two groups, pretest-posttest, investigated the effects of a self-regulation program for dietary management and blood sugar levels among persons with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in a community. The sample group consisted of persons with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes under the responsibility of the district health promotion hospital, who were allocated, by simple random sampling, to a group which received the program or a group which received regular care. Purposive sampling was used, with 44 persons divided into a group which received the program (22 persons) and a group which received regular care (22 persons). The instruments utilized in the study included the self-regulation program, designed by the researcher, and based on the self-regulation concept (Bandura, 1991), for a duration 8 weeks. Furthermore, a dietary management guide, media and equipment, a successful model of self-care, and a blood sugar meter were included. The data collecting instruments consisted of a demographic data questionnaire, a dietary management practice questionnaire, and a blood sugar record. Content validity index of all three instruments was 1 and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.76. The data were analyzed using a paired-samples T-test and an independent-sample T-test. The results revealed that the group which received the program had significantly higher average scores for dietary management than before participating in the program (p = 0.001), and more than the group that received regular care (p = 0.039). There was also a significant reduction in the blood sugar before their participation in the program (p = 0.020), which reduced more than the group that received regular care (p = 0.013). The findings revealed that self-regulation programs for dietary management in persons with type 2 diabetes can be used to promote modification of dietary management and could lead to control of blood sugar levels in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in a community.