ความคิดเห็นของเกษตรกรในอำเภอสบเมย จังหวัดแม่ฮ่องสอน ต่อการยกเลิก การใช้พาราควอต คลอร์ไพริฟอส และการจำกัดการใช้ไกลโฟเซต

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to: (1) study basic economic characteristics, social conditions and use of agricultural pesticides by farmers in Sop Moei District, Mae Hong Son Province; (2) analyze the level of farmers' opinions regarding the ban on paraquat and chlorpyriphos and restricted use of glyphosate; (3) analyze problems and suggestions of farmers regarding the ban on paraquat and chlorpyriphos and restricted use of glyphosate. The sample used for this research consists of 151 farmers in Sop Moei District, Mae Hong Son Province. Data collection is conducted via interview format. Statistics used for data analysis include percentage, mean, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation, with multiple regression analysis used to test hypotheses and analyze factors affected by the ban on paraquat and chlorpyriphos and restricted use of glyphosate in Sop Moei District, Mae Hong Son Province. Results of the study indicate that the majority of farmers are male with an average age of 38.31 years, belong to the Karen ethnic group, and are primary school graduates. Farmers cultivate an area of 11.92 rai on average, while the average annual income is 75,370.86 THB. Rice is the most commonly cultivated crop type, with the average number of cultivated crop types being 2.55. Data collected regarding use of chemical pesticides, specifically paraquat, chlorpyrifos and glyphosate, can be summarized as follows. (1) Paraquat was formerly used by 92.1% of farmers, with the average duration of use being 5.22 years. (2) Chlorpyrifos has never been used by 62.9% of farmers; only a small number of farmers have ever used chlorpyrifos, with the average duration of use being 1.86 years. (3) Glyphosate has been used by 98.0% of farmers, the majority, with an average duration of use of 5.36 years. Regarding problems, obstacles and suggestions relating to the ban on paraquat and chlorpyriphos and restricted use of glyphosate, it was found that, overall, farmers experienced problems and obstacles at a moderate level (= 1.98), and opinions of farmers regarding said ban and restricted use remain at a level of uncertainty (= 2.82). However, there is general disagreement among farmers regarding of the ban and restriction, that agree on regarding paraquat and chlorpyriphos ban and limit using of glyphosate, that paraquat, chlorpyriphos and glyphosate are not widely used that is harder to buy than other chemicals, that paraquat, chlorpyriphos and glyphosate are low efficiency, that these chemicals are not required for agriculture, and not receive effects of the ban and restriction paraquat, chlorpyriphos and glyphosate. Hypothesis testing concludes that the ban on paraquat and chlorpyriphos and restricted use of glyphosate affects factors including cultivation area, revenue from agriculture, number of plant type cultivated , and creation of problems and obstacles, with statistical significance (p<0.05).