ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างพันธุกรรมสีขนต่อพฤติกรรมการฝึกพื้นฐานของม้า

Abstract

The genetic of basic coat color was determined by the distribution of eumelanin and pheomelanin, the ratio of most was controlled by the polymorphisms at the Melanocortin-1 receptor (MCIR) and Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) loci, creating a black, bay, or chestnut coat color. The purpose of this study was to identified the basic coat color of horse breeder and analysis of the relationship between coat color genetics and behavior handling in horses in Veterinary and Agriculture Division 1, Veterinary and Remount Department, Royal Thai Army for dark horse breeding program. The total of 305 blood samples were collected and extracted genomic DNA. Samples were genotyped at the Extension (E) locus, Melanocortin-1 Receptor (MC1R) gene and the Agouti (A) locus, Agouti-Signaling Protein (ASIP) gene. The result showed high heterozygous genotype Ee (0.53) and Aa (0.56) in the population. The alleles frequencies ratio of E and e allele were (0.68) and (0.32) but allele A had a ratio of allele A equal to allele a (0.50 and 0.50). Analyses of variance indicated frequency of allele a was highest (0.79) in Oldenburg compared to the other breeds (P<0.05) together with high E allele frequency (0.72) which is advantage to produce black coat color. Although, the horse with homozygous black (EEaa) is our first priority that will complete black horse for military parade but less are found in the population (8.34%). The study of the relationship between coat color and behavior used 29 animals grouped by genotypes to determine the basic training behaviors. The experiment horses had an average age of 2 years were trained and collected data for 3 weeks. It was found that training a horse to accept halter, remember their stall, familiarity to trainer and grooming were not significantly different. But the behavior of grooming tends to have a favorable response in EeAA, the genetic information from this study could be useful for dark horse production. The results of genotype grouping for behavioral training can be easier to train horses for optimal utilization.