Survey of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in dairy farms in special region of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli has been emerged and considered as an antimicrobial resistant evidence among human, animal and environment. This study aims to detect the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in dairy farms, and to survey knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics in dairy farms. During AugustNovember 2020, total samples were collected from 93 dairy farms with history of previous 6 month-antibiotic uses in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. Extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) E. coli with Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) were identified using conventional method and Vitek-2. Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) were explored by interview and observation. Among 558 samples, 11% (59) were positive with ESBL-producing E. coli, consisting of 25% (23/93) feces, 16% (15/93) waste water, 10% (9/93) drinking water, 5% (5/93) feed, 4% (4/93) milk and 3% (3/93) hand rinsing, respectively. Presence of ESBL-producing E coli was identified 53.7% (50/93) in dairy farms. From 127 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, majority were resistant to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 74%, follows by Tetracycline 63% and Gentamicin 48%, respectively. Multidrug resistant (MDR) were found 50% (63/127). Knowledge on antibiotics of dairy farmer were found in mid-level, with the belief of “antibiotics should be prescribed by veterinarian only”. The hygienic practice such as wash hand and clean floor before milking” are the most common practice. In addition, veterinarians, paraveterinarian and drug store were also involved in treatment practice. There is no association between the KAP and occurrence of ESBL-Producing E. coli in dairy farms. In conclusion, the occurrence of ESBL-Producing E. coli was found in all types of samples in dairy farms in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. In order to better understand the transmission, risk factors should be further studied in this area which could benefit the national AMR strategic plans.