การฝึกการเข้าห้องน้ำสำหรับเด็กที่มีความบกพร่องทางการพูดและภาษาและบกพร่องทางสติปัญญาโดยใช้ระบบการสื่อสารแลกเปลี่ยนรูปภาพและการเสริมแรงทางบวก

Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of training in expressing a need to use a toilet under a case study of a child with speech and language impairment and intellectual disability using picture exchange communication system and positive reinforcement. A case study was a 14-year-old boy diagnosed by a physician with speech and language impairments and intellectual disabilities, having communication problems and being unable to express his needs. The research instruments were 1) a positive reinforcement survey, 2) a behavior observation form based on picture exchange communication system to express a need to use a toilet, 3) three individualized education plans, learning unit on going to the toilet. Data were collected from November to December 2021. Data were analyzed using frequencies, means, and percentages. The study results indicated that the case study had higher communication skills by using the picture exchange communication system, compared to before and after the research was conducted. The percentage before the research was conducted in procedure 1 was 0.00 %, in procedure 2 (2A-1) was 0.00 % and in procedure 2 (2A-2) was 0.00 %. After using the picture exchange communication system, the case study was able to express his need in procedure 1 by 100 %, in procedure 2 (2A-1) by 100 % and in procedure 2 (2A-2) by 100 %. After practicing the picture exchange communication system and positive reinforcement for 10 days, the case study was able to use and had stable development of the picture exchange communication system. From both procedures, the study results indicated that the case study had better development of communication skills as he was able to express his need to use a toilet by using the picture exchange communication system on his own.