มลสารและจุดความร้อนจากการเผาวัสดุทางการเกษตรในพื้นที่ส่งเสริมการเพาะปลูกข้าวโพดเลี้ยงสัตว์แบบไม่เผาและปลูกพืชทดแทน

Abstract

The problem of smog and air pollution from burning agricultural waste affects health, quality of life, economy, and society. Reducing burning in agricultural areas by encouraging farmers to grow animal feed corn without burning and planting replacement crops in development project areas. High area like the Pang Daeng Royal Project in and comparative analysis of heat points and air pollution from burning agricultural materials in the promoted areas. By studying data from the Terra and Aqua satellites, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) system, and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) system, tracking small burned areas from land use activities in 2006, 2012, and 2020. Translation of data classification using Landsat 7 satellite images to be used as location information for tracking burning spots in corn planting areas during January. Until March To assess pollution from the burning of agricultural materials, it was found that the number of hot spots in corn growing areas has a continuous trend of decreasing from 4 spots in 2006 to 3 spots in 2012. In 2020, no hot spots were found. As for changes in land use from satellite images, in 2006, 2012, and 2020, there were 3,577 rai, 4,134 rai, and 3,317 rai of corn planted, respectively. As for the corn planting area that was burned in 2006, the amount was 66.24 rai, and in 2012, the amount was 473.75 rai. In 2020, no burning of agricultural waste was found. The results of the air pollution assessment found that in 2006, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were 27.53 tons/year, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were 2.51 tons/year, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were 0.04 tons/year., The amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas emissions was 0.01 tons/year and the total amount of dust was 0.09 tons/year and PM2.5 dust was 0.07 tons/year. In 2012, there was a decrease in pollution emissions. There is a total of 212.45 tons of agricultural waste that is burned. There are carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of 259 tons/year, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of 23.59 tons/year, and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions of 0.34. tons/year, sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions of 0.11 tons/year and a total amount of particulate matter of 0.87 tons/year and PM2.5 dust of 0.69 tons/year. In 2020, there was no burning in the corn growing area. This is because since 2014, farmers have begun to change the format for growing animal feed maize as a monoculture. is the disposal of agricultural waste by burning in preparation for planting in the next round. It involves planting corn overlapping with legumes and without burning crop residue. The cultivation of corn for animal feed is a monoculture. It was found that the cost per rai was higher than 3,878 baht per rai and the cost was higher than 6.1 baht per kilogram. The variable costs of labor are higher than 2,340 baht per rai and the cost of fertilizer and medicine is higher than 1,985 baht per rai. When comparing the yield per rai, it is found that the yield is less than 130 kilograms per rai. The benefits of growing crops alongside beans include reducing weed control costs. Reduce burning and prepare the area before planting corn. Increase soil fertility Increase productivity per unit area Reduce soil erosion and forest encroachment, etc. At the same time, help generate income and maintain a sustainable environment, leading to the expansion of success to other areas.