ปัจจัยทำนายพฤติกรรมการจัดการตนเองในผู้ที่มีภาวะจอตาผิดปกติจากเบาหวาน

Abstract

Persons with diabetic retinopathy who engage in consistent and appropriate self-management behavior (SMB) can decrease the severity of this condition. This study, with a descriptive correlational predictive design, aimed to determine factors predicting SMB among persons with diabetic retinopathy, including perceived barriers to performing SMB and social support. Purposive sampling was applied to recruit 88 persons with diabetic retinopathy who received service at the outpatient department of the retina clinic at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital from April 2022 to August 2022. Research instruments included: 1) a demographic data record form; 2) the Self-Management Behavior among Persons with Diabetic Retinopathy Questionnaire developed by the researcher based on Lorig and Holman (2003) and the literature review; 3) the Perceived Barriers to Performing Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire developed by the researcher based on Becker (1974) and the literature review; and 4) the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) developed by Shaefer et al. (1981). The psychometric properties of the research instruments were approved before data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression statistics. The results revealed that: 1. More than three-quarters of participants had insufficient overall SMB (79.55%). Regarding subdimensions, most participants demonstrated insufficient medical management and role management (73.86% and 90.91%, respectively) while a lower percentage (28.41%) had insufficient SMB regarding emotional management. 2. Perceived barriers to performing SMB and social support predicted 17% of SMB (SEest= ±8.84). Social support was the primary variable that could predict SMB, and it had a greater influence than perceived barriers to performing SMB. The findings of this study demonstrate that people with diabetic retinopathy have insufficient SMB. Therefore, interventions for enhancing SMB among persons with diabetic retinopathy should be developed. Furthermore, although perceived barriers to performing SMB and social support can predict SMB, the percentage is low. Thus, further studies should explore other factors influencing SMB.