“เชียงใหม่โมเดล” กับการป้องกันและแก้ไขปัญหาไฟป่าและหมอกควันในชุมชนบ้านแม่หอย ตำบลบ้านหลวง อำเภอจอมทอง จังหวดัเชียงใหม่

Abstract

This qualitative research aimed to investigate the plan to solve forest fire and haze problems under the concept "Chiang Mai Model'', the measure in managing forest fire and haze prevention, and roles and participation of Mae Hoi village people in forest fire and haze prevention. The data were collected using in-depth interviews of three representatives of the agencies, including Chom Thong District Deputy, Ban Luang Sub-district Municipal Officer, Forest Fire Control Station Officers, and five representatives from Mae Hoi community, including Sub-district Headman, Village Headman, Village Committee, Community Development Volunteer and monks. The findings showed that the" Chiang Mai Model" concept was set up to solve the wildfire and smoke crisis in Chiang Mai in 2021, with a collaboration between government agencies, the local sector, the private sector, and the public sector. This model focuses on Academic Fire Management for the reduction of hotspots from combustion at least 25% participation people in forest fire and haze prevention, and the local government organizations are the main agencies in supporting the people's resources to prevent and solve forest fire and haze prevention problems. Also, Chiang Mai has formulated legal measures to control all types of open-air burning and define fire management areas, as well as giving the policies to each district in Chiang Mai. Inaddition, Chom Thong District organized the training for community leaders about proactive public relations through community voices, wildfire suppression activities, and academic fuel management, and empowered them to appoint their working groups. Thus, they would be able to pass knowledge and policies onto community members. As a result, most of the people in the community showed their full cooperation and- participation because of their belief and faith in community leaders, good relationships in the community, being persuaded by close people, awareness of the public relations problem in the community, and receiving support from outside organizations. After the end of the wildfire season, the relevant departments and community leaders summarized the results. It was found that the hot spots decreased significantly, compared to the Zero Burning policy in 2020 that did not seem to resolve the issue on the spot. Most people remained unaware of the impact. And the measures focused on prevention rather than arresting offenders by Fire Management policy. In addition, the common factor in 2021 was the volatile weather conditions, resulting in pre-season rainfall that was different from the dry weather in 2020. The rapid rainfall has greatly contributed to the reduction of heat points. This has resulted in the successful implementation of forest fire and smog solutions in the form of the "Chiang Mai Model" that successfully achieved the goal of reducing hot spots.