การวิเคราะห์รอยเท้าน้ำของข้าวนาดำและข้าวไร่ในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

Currently, Alternate wet and dry lowland rice (AWD) a water management technique for efficient use of water resources and reduce the use of water resources for rice cultivation. This study was aimed to evaluate the water supply in the study site and to evaluate the water footprint of rice cultivation with different water management, i.e. (1) Alternate wet and dry lowland rice (AWD) (2) Conventional lowland rice (CL) and (3) Upland rice (UL) to evaluate the water situation in the study site as well as the total amount of water used throughout the rice growth. The study was conducted in – season and off season of rice cultivation during November 2019 to October 2020 in Mae Hong Krai, Doi Saket District, Chiang Mai and Mae La-up, Kalayani Vadhana District , Chiang Mai. CROPWAT 8.0 program was used to calculate the amount of water used of rice for evapotranspiration. As result, Water supply in Mae Hong Krai has water supply equal to 1,041,467 m3 and Mae La-up has water supply equal to 11,812,190 m3. Water supply in the area is used for consumption or irrigation in agriculture. AWD method, Total water footprint of Mae Hong Krai (MK – AWD) in – season was lowest equal to 1,164.06 m3 /ton and total water footprint of Mae La-up (MU – AWD) was highest equal to 3,021.45 m3 /ton. In Mae Hong Krai, Total water footprint of AWD method was lower than CL method in both cultivation seasons (in-season: 1,164.06 and 1,417.53 ± 72.89 m3/ton, respectively; off-season: 2,230.18 and 2,376.25 ± 280.76 m3 /ton, respectively). In Mae La-up, Total water footprint of UL method was lower than AWD method (1,588.73 ± 313.87 and 3,021.45 ± 975.14 m3/ton, respectively). The results of this study showed that the assessment water supply and water footprint are the tools that can reflect the differences in water resource management methods, environmental factors, climate data, rainfall, yield and chemical application.