Fabrication of poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) cell scaffold for socket preservation

Abstract

The development of scaffold with optimal physiological and biological characteristics is crucial in tissue engineering. This study aims to fabricate the biodegradable scaffold with highly porous architecture and osteogenic potential using the poly(lactic)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) blend for applying as the socket filling material following natural tooth removal. The evenly formation of less ordered opened porous cells with different diameters ranged from 10-100 µm and 200-300 µm as well as the presence of the well interconnected network that positively influenced on bone regenerative process were resulted through the gas foaming/ammonium bicarbonate particulate leaching technique. The analysis by SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD confirmed the deposition of biocomposites composed of the polydopamine (PDA), amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), and hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals following the PDA assisted-biomineralization by soaking in ten times concentrated simulated body fluid (10x-SBF) solution. The scaffold showed the compressible property with the total porosity of 84.17±1.29%, the low contact angle of 45.7±5.9 degree, and the material degradation rate of 7.63±2.56%. The biological evaluations by MTT assay and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining confirmed the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of the developing scaffold toward the human osteoblast-like cell (MG-63). Overall, the porous PLA/PBAT scaffold with PDA-assisted biomineralization exhibits the promising potential as the alternative porous biomaterial for tooth socket preservation following natural tooth loss.