ผลของอัตราปุ๋ย และวัสดุปลูกต่อการเจริญเติบโตของหอมประดับ

Abstract

The effects of fertilizer rates and growing media on the growth and development of ornamental Allium were studied. The research was divided into 2 experiments: Experiment 1 studied fertilizer rates' effects on ornamental Allium's growth and development. The experimental design was completely randomized design with 3 treatments, i.e., T1) no fertilization, T2) and 3) fertilizer applications of 15-15-15 (N: P2O5: K2O) at the rate of 2.5 and 5 grams per plant per month, respectively. Data were collected for 2 phases, i.e., phase 1) from planting to flower senescence (90 - 120 days after planting: DAP) and phase 2) from flower senescence to bulb harvest (91 - 120 DAP). Plant growth and water use efficiency were recorded. The results showed that at phase 1, different fertilization rates significantly affected plant height and the number of leaves per plant. The inflorescence and inflorescence diameter circumference averaged about 41.11 and 14.01 cm, respectively, in T2. It was not significantly different from the treatment with 5 g of fertilizer per plant per month. The nutrient concentration analysis showed that the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and total non-structural carbohydrates was not significantly different. Regarding the water use efficiency in phase 1, it was found that the amount of water use efficiency was not significantly different. But the transpiration rate per unit of leaf area and crop coefficient of ornamental Allium in the treatment supplied with 2.5 g of fertilizer per plant per month had the highest values of 0.53 ml/cm2/day and 2.49, respectively. In phase 2, the bulb quality in fresh weight (g) and the number of new bulbs were not significantly different. Bulb circumference and bulb diameter in the treatment with 2.5 g of fertilizer per plant per month averaged 13.46 and 29.91 cm, respectively. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were not significantly different. The rate of photosynthesis in the treatment with 2.5 g of fertilizer per plant per month was the highest value at 5.14 µmol/m2/s. Phosphorus and potassium concentrations of the treatment with 2.5 g and 5 g of fertilizer per plant per month were the highest values at 149.19 and 125.08 mg/g dry weight and 28.73 and 27.78 mg/L at phase 2, respectively. The total non-structural carbohydrate concentration of ornamental Allium was not significantly different among treatments. In addition, the water use value, water crop coefficient, and the water use efficiency of the plants were not significantly different among treatments. At the same time, the transpiration rate per unit of leaf area in the treatment with 5 g of fertilizer per plant per month was the highest value at 1.83 ml/cm2/day. Experiment 2: Effects of fertilizer rates and growing media on the growth and development of ornamental Allium were carried out. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of fertilizer rates and growing media on the growth and development of ornamental Allium. The experimental design was factorial in CRD with 2 factors. Factor 1) fertilizer rates at 3 levels, i.e., 1) no fertilization, 2) and 3) fertilizer applications of 15-15-15 (N: P2O5: K2O) at 2 and 5 g/plant, respectively. The second factor was 5 formulas of growing media, i.e., 1) peat moss, 2) peat moss mixed coffee grounds ratio (1:1), 3) coconut coir 4) coconut coir mixed coffee grounds rate (1:1), and 5) soil mixed with coconut coir and coffee grounds ratio (1:1:1), 15 treatments and 20 replications (1 plant per replication). The result showed that at 105 days after planting, treatment supplied with 2.5 g of fertilizer per plant using peat moss gave higher plant height than all treatments. And no fertilizer treatment using peat moss and coconut coir, with the highest number of leaves per plant at 12.16. The fresh weight, bulb diameter, bulb circumference, and the number of bulbs of the no fertilizer treatment using peat moss differed from other treatments. The rate of photosynthesis of plants supplied with fertilizer 5 g using coconut coir mixed coffee grounds was the highest at 5.63 µmol/m2/s. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of no fertilizer treatment using peat moss mixed coffee grounds was higher than other treatments. The crop evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, and crop coefficient in treatment with no fertilization and supplied fertilizer 2.5 g using peat moss showed the highest results. The rate of transpiration per unit of leaf area of treatment no fertilizer, supplied 5 g per plant using peat moss. And fertilizer supplied with 2.5 g per plant using coconut coir was the highest average at 0.36 ml/cm2/day, respectively.