The Co-assessment between proton magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for using as metabolic profile of human biomarkers in the obesity disease

Abstract

In this study, a non-invasive advanced molecular imaging technique completely elucidated the impact of fat distribution on anthropometric and laboratory parameters, especially indices of metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia in young adults. A significant metabolic disorder symptom appeared in the overweight and obese group, and increased lipid deposition occurred in the abdomen, hepatocytes, and muscles that were detected by MRI MRS studies. Overall, the visceral fat depots had a marked influence on lipid biomarkers, blood triglyceride (r = 0.592, p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r-=-0.484, p < 0.001). Intrahepatic lipid was associated with diabetes predictors for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%, r = 0.379, p < 0.001) and for fasting blood sugar (r = 0.333, p < 0.05). The study suggests that elevated liver fat might be treated as a simple biomarker of hyperglycemia and that visceral adipose tissue might be a dyslipidemia-treated biomarker, especially in young obese adults. Moreover, the study concludes that the abnormal accumulation of white fat in the internal organs and abdomen is more related to obesity-related systemic lipid metabolism disorders, and its importance is far greater than the accumulation of fat in peripheral tissues. The 'H NMR study revealed that the serum metabolome clearly differentiated overweight/ obese from the normal-weight counterpart in the field of metabolomics and young adult obesity. The obese group showed increased levels of lipids, glucose, glutamate, N-acetyl glycoprotein, alanine, lactate, 3 hydroxybutyrate, and branch chain amino acid (BCAA) and decreased levels of choline as compared with the normal-weight group. Lower levels of glutamine and glucose, and higher levels of N-acetyl glycoprotein and glutamate, could point to hyperactivation of the hexosamine pathway of the obese under hyperlipidemic conditions. In addition, visceral fat and serum triglyceride, acetoacetate, unsaturated lipid, and isoleucine were significantly higher in the obese with hyperlipidemia. Therefore, these compounds could be used as biomarkers to identify the characteristics and differences between hyperlipidemia and non-hyperlipidemia pathology in obese subjects. The results clearly provide the clinical diagnostic information for predicting potential metabolic risks in obese subjects.