ประสิทธิผลของโปรแกรมการป้องกันการสัมผัสเลือดและสารคัดหลั่งในพยาบาลห้องผ่าตัด

Abstract

Operating room nurses are at a high risk of blood and body fluid exposure (BBFE). Practices following standard guidelines may reduce the risk of BBFE. This quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effectiveness of the BBFE prevention program on the knowledge, practice, and BBFE incidence of operating room nurses in a university hospital during March 2020 to May 2021. The study sample consisted of 36 operating room nurses. The BBFE prevention program consisted of training, demonstration, return demonstration, individual and group feedback, and supporting of BBFE prevention equipment. The research instruments used for data collection consisted of demographic questionnaires, a knowledge test, a practice observational recording form and a BBFE incidence form. The content validity of these instruments was examined by six experts. The content validity index of the knowledge test and the practice observational recording form were 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. The reliability of the knowledge test and the interrater reliability of the practice observational recording form were 0.73 and 1.00, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. The results of the study revealed that after implementing the prevention program, the participants significantly increased knowledge scores on prevention of exposure to BBFE than before implementing from 16.00 to 19.00 out of 20.00 points (p < 0.001) and the proportion of correct practices on prevention of BBFE significantly increased than before implementing from 67.63% to 93.25% (p < 0.001). The incidence of BBFE decreased by 57.00%. The results of the study showed that the BBFE prevention program could improve knowledge and prevention practices, and reduce the incidence of BBFE among operating room nurses. This program should be implemented in other hospitals to prevent BBFE in operating rooms.