การบูรณาการการหยุดบุหรี่ด้วยการให้คำปรึกษา การออกกำลังกาย ด้วยการหายใจลึกผ่อนคลายร่วมกับเคลื่อนไหวทรวงอก และลูกอม แข็งหญ้าดอกขาว

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 2- weeks of integrative smoking cessation counselling, physical therapy program (relaxation-deep breathing with chest mobilization exercises), and Vernonia cinerea (VC) hard candy product on a 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates (7-day PARs), continuous abstinence rates (CARs) and oxidative stress status among active smokers. Methods: The pilot hard candy of VC spray-drying extracts and was industrially prepared with eight pills-sealed in a blister packing and the main active compounds were identified before studied in active smokers who wanted to quit smoking. All thirty male active smokers were randomly divided into a control group (aged 25.60 士 2.67 years, n = 10), placebo group (aged 26.90 士 3.71 years, n = 10), and product group (aged 25.00 士 3.00 years, n = 10). All groups were counseled for smoking cessation, whereas relaxation-deep breathing with chest mobilization exercise was educated and trained in both placebo and product groups for 2 weeks. Then the oxidative stress markers as malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were evaluated before and after 2 weeks period, addition, the PARs and CARs were recorded at week 2, 4, 6 and 8, respectively. Chi-square and one- way ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that the main active compounds in the Vernonia cinerea hard candy (weight 2.81-3.2 1 gram per piece) contained the total phenolic (3.76 士 0.72 mg), total flavonoid (0.42 士 0.02 mg) and nicotine (2.35 士 0.33 mg). The results of 7- day PARs showed a significant difference between the control and product groups at week 4 (20% and 60%) and week 6 (20% and 80%) as same as between the placebo and product groups (30% and 60%) at week 6. Finally, the 7- day PARs between the control and product groups (20% and 90%) and between the placebo and study groups (40% and 90%) at week 8 were significantly different. Besides, the 7-day PARs in a product group showed a significant increase from 2 weeks (20%) to followed up period at week 4 (60%), 6 (80%), and 8 (90%), respectively. For the CARs results, there was a difference between the control and product groups at week 6 (20% and 80%) and week 8 (20% and 80%). Then, the CARs in the product group showed a significant increase at week 4 (60%), 6 (80%) and 8 (80%), respectively. Finally, the significant increase of GSH and decrease in MDA were represented in a product group. Conclusion: This study can be concluded that integrating the smoking cessation counseling via physical therapy of relaxation-deep breathing with chest mobilization exercises and Vernonia cinerea hard candy for 2 weeks effects on 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate at 4, 6 and 8 weeks and the continuous abstinence rate at 6 and 8 weeks, when compared to the smoking cessation counseling without or with the physical therapy program. Moreover, it can reduce the oxidative stress status.