Bioassay Guided-isolation of Phytochemicals and Their Biological Effects of Solvent Extracts of Dill (Anethum Graveolens) Aerial Portions

Abstract

Crude EtO1 (ethanol maceration) obtained from aerial portions of dill was divided and eluted by solvents, to obtain PEt (petroleum ether), Eth (ethyl acetate) and EtO2 (ethanol) fractions, evaluated for total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay), anti-protein denaturation, and anti-enzymatic (tyrosinase and collagenase) activities. The PEt extract was separated by column chromatography, while the chemical composition and biological effects were examined by GC-MS. All the extracts contained phenolics and flavonoids and demonstrated antioxidant activities in all assays. PEt extracts showed anti-protein denaturation (IC50 40.92 µg mL−1). A potential of collagenase inhibitor (92.35–98.69%) similar to Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was noted in all extracts. Five compounds (C3, C5A, C5B2b, C9-1 and C9C9 eluted from Pet extract) represented fatty acid and fatty alcohol (nonacosan-10-one, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, octacosanol, 1-hexacosanol, and hexacosanol) as major components and demonstrated inhibition of protein-denaturation (22.85–42.35% except C9-1). The compounds C9C9 and C9-1 demonstrated collagenase inhibitor effect.