Effectiveness of combined conventional treatment with a tailored exercise training program on wound healing in patients with venous leg ulcer: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Introduction: Venous leg ulcer (VLU) is a therapeutic challenge. The mainstay of care is compression therapy and wound care. Exercise is also recommended for facilitating wound healing. This study aimed to determine whether adding tailored exercise training to conventional treatment would be superior on wound healing, ankle mobility, calf muscle function, and functional ability compared to those with the conventional treatment alone. Methods: A randomized controlled trial, single-blinded was conducted. VLU patients were randomized to the conventional treatment plus tailored exercise training (intervention group) and the conventional treatment alone (control group) (12/group). The conventional treatment contained foam dressing and short-stretch bandage, while the tailored exercise training consisted of stretching, resistive, and aerobic exercise sessions (3-day/week, for 12-week). Primary outcomes included healing rate and wound size parameters. Secondary outcomes were ankle range of motion (ROM), calf circumference, calf muscle endurance and strength, and functional ability. All outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6-, and 12-week intervention. Results: The intervention group had a higher trend of healing rate after 12-week training than those in the control group, but this trend was not significantly different (92% versus 58%, p = 0.06). After training, the intervention group had significantly decreased wound size. The intervention group had significantly higher ankle ROM and dorsiflexor muscle strength after 6- and 12-week training than those in the control group. Conclusion: Adding the tailored exercise training incorporated with the conventional treatment may provide a greater tendency on wound healing and have the potential to improve ankle mobility than the conventional treatment alone. Trial registration number: TCTR20170405002.