Influence of clivo-axial angle on outcome after foramen magnum decompression in adult symptomatic Chiari type 1 malformation

Abstract

Objective: A significant number of patients with Chiari type 1 malformation (CM1) have abnormal clivo-axial angle (CXA) without other radiographic indicators of basilar invagination or craniovertebral junction (CVJ) instability. This study aimed to investigate whether abnormal CXA alone influences postoperative outcomes among patients who underwent foramen magnum decompression (FMD). Methods: A total of 44 adult patients with symptomatic CM1 undergoing FMD without CVJ fixation were enrolled. Preoperative clinical characteristics and radiographic measurement include the CXA as well as the radiographic indicators of basilar invagination and instability were recorded. The univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression tests were used to identify the potential prognostic factors for favorable outcomes. Results: Eighteen patients (41%) and 26 patients (59%) were divided into unfavorable and favorable outcome groups, respectively. Baseline demographic and imaging characteristics were similar between the two patient groups. The mean CXA was 132.3 ± 15.8 and 145 ± 13.6 degrees in the unfavorable and favorable groups, respectively (P = 0.091). In the favorable outcome group, the proportion of patients with CXA > 135 degrees was significantly higher than that of the unfavorable outcome group (77% vs. 44%; P = 0.05). The CXA > 135 degrees was found to be the only independent predictor associated with favorable outcomes (adjusted risk ratio 2.16; 95% CI 1.01–4.76; P = 0.047). Conclusion: The preoperative CXA of greater than 135 degrees was identified as a prognostic factor associated with a favorable outcome at one-year follow-up after FMD among adult patients with symptomatic CM1 without basilar invagination or CVJ instability. This factor should be incorporated into preoperative considerations.