ผลกระทบของไวรัสโรคออกถุงที่มีต่อแบคทีเรียประจำถิ่นในผึ้งพันธุ์ (Apis mellifera) และผึ้งโพรง (Apis cerana)

Abstract

In Thailand, there are of two commercial managed species of honeybee that included the Western cavity nesting bees (Apis mellifera) and Asiatic cavity nesting bee (Apis cerana). They provide valuable products and pollination service for major agricultural crops and the natural environment. In this study, we examined the impact of sacbrood virus (SBV), the cause of larval death with a fluid-filled larval sac, on the normal flora bacterial communities of infected versus healthy bee larvae. The SBV in this study was an isolate from A. mellifera. The fifth instar larvae of both honeybee species were grafted into petri dishes provisioned with a royal jelly/brood food mixture (RJ) spiked with a high virus titer. Larvae were collected after 24 hrs of exposure and DNA/RNA extracted. The virus titer was determined using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The whole genomic DNA was sequenced by illumina sequencing. Results showed that the larvae had SBV infection. The gut communities of infected A. cerana showed more dramatic change than A. mellifera, which may be caused by SBV cross infection and effects of SBV infection on the gut communities of A. cerana more than A. mellifera. In A. mellifera, the proportion was not dramatic changing of Gilliamella, Snodgrassella and Fructobacillus while A. cerana, the noticeable proportion changing revealed in Gilliamella with extremely decreased (from 35.54% to 2.96%) but significant increase in Snodgrassella and Fructobacillus. The confirmation of cross infection should be further investigated.