Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Biological Activities of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L var. sativa) Leaf and Seed Extracts

Abstract

The fresh Hemp (Cannabis sativa L var. sativa) leaves and seeds were extracted by maceration in 95% ethanol and investigated for their biological activities. The percentage yields were 3.77±0.31 and 1.58±0.20%, respectively. For cosmeceutical activities, the leaf extract exhibited higher DPPH scavenging, metal chelating and tyrosinase inhibition activity than the seed extract. The leaf extract exhibited pro MMP-2 inhibition (56.27±5.98%) and active MMP-2 inhibition (100%) with the pro MMP-2 inhibition lower than ascorbic acid of 1.11 times. The melanin induction in B16F10 melanoma cells of the leaf extract was 1.06 and 2.22 times of the control and theophylline, respectively. Moreover, it showed 5α-reductase inhibition (13.57±3.21%), but lower than dutasteride of 3.78 times. For pharmaceutical activities, the leaf extract showed anti-bacterial activity on S. mutans which was lower than erythromycin of 17 times and anti-proliferation on HepG2 and KB cell lines (IC50 values=13.17±1.53 and 5.16±1.66 mg/ml), which were lower than doxorubicin of 2,800 and 3,000 time, respectively. The high apoptotic on HeLa cells of the leaf extract was observed at 13.26±7.40%. The seed extract showed lipid peroxidation inhibition and anti-bacterial activity on S. aureus higher than the leaf extract. This study has demonstrated the potential of the Hemp leaf extract which can be further developed for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical application.