ผลกระทบของพื้นที่พักพิงชั่วคราวผู้หนีภัยการสู้รบ บ้านใหม่ในสอย อำเภอเมืองแม่ฮ่องสอน ต่อชุมชนโดยรอบ

Abstract

This research contains two main objectives which are 1) to analyze impacts of Ban Mai Nai Soi Temporary Shelter Area on surrounding communities in Amphoe Mueang Mae Hong Son; and 2) to investigate and analyze measures and guidelines in solving problematic impacts of Ban Mai Nai Soi Temporary Shelter Area on surrounding communities in Amphoe Mueang Mae Hong Son. It is a qualitative research using interview schedule as an instrument in collecting data with the participant and non-participant observation. The samples draw for this study comprised of 12 people including 2 people from governmental organizations, 10 people from international organizations and private charity organizations and 4 refugees from Temporary Shelter Area. Results can be summarized as follows: According to the study concerning on impacts of Ban Mai Nai Soi Temporary Shelter Area on surrounding communities, it indicates that there are more than 10,000 refugees staying in Ban Mai Nai Soi Temporary Shelter Area in Amphoe Mueang Mae Hong Son. This leads to the governmental organizations’ inability in comprehensively controlling or overseeing the Shelter Area. Moreover, the international organizations and private charity organizations incessantly decreased assistance in food and consumer goods since they received less budget supporting from overseas funds. Thus, some refugees absconde from the Shelter Area to get employment. There are also the problems of stealing agricultural products from surrounding communities and searching for wild products in the surrounding forest. It also resulted to the local environment problem, for example the garbage problem which had inappropriate management system. In terms of hygiene and health problem, it shows that the refugees did not prioritize in healthcare. This lead to infective diseases such as Tuberculosis and Dengue Fever. Birth control problem occurs in the Shelter Area, too. However, eventhough the Thai governmental organizations realizes the importance of human rights respect, international organizations, private charity organizations, and the refugees regard that being restrained in the Shelter Area is the limitation in their rights and opportunities to develop themselves in preparation for returning to the country of origin or the third country, for instance. Nonetheless, in the positive point of view, the establishment of the Shelter in Ban Mai Nai Soi contributes to the greater labors, especially in agricultural labor. They are cheap labor that help in cost reduction for Thai people. Due to the problems, obstacles, and impacts of Ban Mai Nai Soi Temporary Shelter Area on surrounding communities, the governmental organizations, international organizations, private charity organizations, community leaders, and refugee leaders propose that in the policy level, the refugee restraint approach should be improved and the refugees should be allowed to move to other places. The refugees should also be able to work outside the Shelter Area. They should be considered to have legitimate right of temporary habitation and allowed many groups of people to participate in regulate approaches to solve refugee problems. In the local level, budget and personnel in monitoring the refugee should be adequately supported in order to have an effective and efficient work in the Shelter Area management.