The Stability and success of dental implants in extracted sockets preservation using alloplastic biomaterial: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the stability and success of dental implants placed in sockets preserved with alloplastic biomaterials to those placed in naturally healed sockets. Materials and Methods: Randomly recruited patients with single-rooted non-restorable teeth were separated into two groups. Both groups underwent minimally traumatic extraction. In the test group, socket preservation was performed using an alloplastic biomaterial called biphasic calcium phosphate (M bone, National Science and Technology Development Agency: NSTDA). The control group's socket was allowed to heal naturally. After 6 months of healing, dental implants were placed in the socket site. Implant stability was measured, and a periapical radiograph was taken on the day of implant placement, prosthesis loading day, 6 months, and 12 months after prosthesis loading. The data was analyzed to determine implant stability, success rate, and radiographic bone loss. Results: There is no significant difference in the implant stability quotient (ISQ) between the two groups during every follow-up period. However, when comparing within the control group, the ISQ at 6 and 12 months after prosthesis placement showed significant differences from the day of implant placement (p < 0.05). The ISQ in the test group increased over time, but not significantly. The implant success rate in the control group was 8 out of 10 implants, while in the test group, it was 8 out of 11 implants. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 1.00). Radiographic bone loss was observed during the 1-year follow-up after prosthesis loading, with the control group experiencing 0.33±0.31 mm of bone loss, and the test group experiencing 0.69±0.41 mm of bone loss. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.