การก่อรูปสัณฐานและองค์ประกอบเมืองของพื้นที่รอบนอกกำแพงเมืองเชียงใหม่

Abstract

This research aims to clarify the formation and transformation of outer areas of the City Wall, Chiang Mai City from 1296 until the present, based on urban morphological approach by analyzing old maps and data from extensive field surveys. All collected data were mapped to explain the characteristics of these outer areas especially the development of road structure and distribution of urban elements. The study found that urbanization of the study areas began from the north side due to the warring conditions in the south of the city. Trade was a significant factor that catalyzed expansion of the city to the east by using the Ping River as a means for conveying goods. Urban elements on the east side thus were tied to the river and intertwined with the multi-ethnic people who came to trade forming multiple elements in the townscape of this commercial area, such as shophouses, markets and livings houses. On the other hand, the south side was developed from artisan communities associated with handicrafts, where vernacular houses scattering in the area are the main urban element making disorder pattern of urban structure to the present day. The west side was historically designated as a reserved area for forest and irrigation, therefore when the land was put into use, the well-organized urban structure was easily planned into the area due to the freedom to introduce new urban patterns. The area was soon developed to be a hub of educational facilities and government offices, following by new economic district in last several decades. The modern urban layout pattern on the west side thus resulted from the allocation of land plots for constructing large public buildings and facilities, separately surrounded by fences before the advent of orderly grid block pattern in the following period. The outer area of the city wall is constantly superimposed by the new development of the city from time to time, but upon newness, the frame of the original urban structure and urban elements that are the fundamental of the urban form still has been passed down to the present day.