Factors affecting young farmers’ adoption of solar energy use for agriculture in upper northern region of Thailand

Abstract

This research aimed to (1) study the context of solar energy technology use for agriculture among Young Smart Farmers in the upper northern region of Thailand, (2) analyze factors influencing the acceptance of solar energy technology in agriculture by these farmers, and (3) suggest policy recommendations to promote the use of solar energy in agriculture. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research, with surveys conducted among 300 sample farmers and in-depth interviews with 30 participants. The findings revealed that out of the 300Young Smart Farmers surveyed, 131 used solar energy for agricultural purposes, while 169 did not. The majority of these farmers had non-agricultural educational backgrounds, with an average age of 37 years, and average annual incomes from agricultural and non-agricultural sources of approximately 171,930 and 158,575 Thai Baht, respectively. Most owned less than 10 acres of agricultural land and had been members of farming groups for an average of 2.75 years. Awareness of solar energy was at a moderate level, primarily through social media channels. The extent of energy usage varied, ranging from less than 1,000 W/h to over 3,000 W/h, for purposes such as lighting, battery charging, and water pumping. The main reasons for non-adoption among some farmers included high costs, capital constraints, and a lack of specific knowledge in using solar cell.

The study also analyzed factors influencing the adoption of solar energy technology, it was found that 7 out of 16 variables examined had a significant statistical relationship with technology acceptance. These included positive attitudes and perceived limitations of the technology. Policy recommendations for the development of motivational incentives and specific support measures in the areas of investment and educational promotion are needed. These recommendations call for the participation of both public and private sectors in the development and exploration of technological advancements' feasibility. This collaborative effort aims to support the benefits and opportunities in utilizing solar energy in the agricultural sector, thereby enhancing its application and growth.