การคัดเลือกสายพันธุ์ก้าวหน้าเพื่อลักษณะแอนโทไซยานินในเมล็ดสูงและไม่ไวต่อช่วงแสงในลูกผสมชั่วที่ 4 และชั่วที่ 5 ระหว่างพันธุ์ปิอิ๊ซู 1 และพันธุ์ปทุมธานี 1

Abstract

Pi-ei-zu 1 (PEZ1) is a local rice variety with a black pericarp contains high anthocyanin, which can protect against cancer cells. The genetic resources and plant nutrition group at the Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, collected and evaluated Pi-i-su 1 from local rice varieties in northern Thailand. It had photoperiod sensitivity and low yield, which is why it should be developed by crossing Pathum Thani 1 (PTT1) the high yielding, non-photoperiod sensitivity variety. The objective of this study was to select an advanced line for insensitivity to photoperiod, high yields and high anthocyanin content. This research was a continuation of prior efforts. Initially, seeds from the F3 generation of 41 lines were assessed. It was found that PEZ1 had anthocyanin concentrations of 10.2 mg/100 g. No anthocyanin was detected in PTT1. All F3 families were found to possess a black pericarp. Out of 41 families, 21 families showed higher anthocyanin concentrations than PEZ1 parent, ranging between 13.3-53.6 mg/100g. Moreover, antioxidant concentrations were identified between 202.5-558.3 mg/100 g. A positive correlation between anthocyanin concentrations and antioxidant quantities was observed, with an r value of 0.695 F4 population was evaluated in the dry season in pot experiment. All lines had black seed pericarp. Flowering was observed to range between 91-132 days, similar range to PTT1 at 115-120 days. Features like green leaf blades, green leaf sheaths, and the rice type resembling PTT1 were observed. From this evaluation, 15 lines were selected based on the relationship between anthocyanin concentrations in F3 generation and the seed weight per plant of the F4 generation. Anthocyanin concentrations and grain yield of the selected lines were ranging from 32.6-53.6 mg/100 g and 3.6-9.0 g/plant, respectively. which was greater than the PEZ1 check variety. They were chosen to represent the F5 generation population. F5 generation was evaluated in field experiment. The 15 selected lines were flowering at 96-106 days, within the range of PTT1 parent at 101 days. Grain yield was harvested individually. Grain yield of PEZ1 and PTT1 were 11.5 and 41 g/plant, respectively and those of the F5 plants were within the range of parents, between 11.3-25.4 g/plant. Grain from each plant within lines were sampling equally and bulked. The bulked samples were analyzed for anthocyanin concentrations compared to PEZ1 parent. Anthocyanin concentration of PEZ1 was 33.2 mg/100 g and the concentration of F5 lines were between 17.3-70.7 mg/100 g Three lines with highest anthocyanin concentration were selected and subjected to individual plant selection. Grain from each plant within three selected lines were analyzed for individual anthocyanin concentration. Seven plants with high anthocyanin and high grain yield were selected. They were represented F6 lines possessing photoperiod insensitive, high anthocyanin, high grain yield which could be sown suitability for year-round cultivation, and high yields. These were deemed potentially valuable for farmers and as a genetic base for future rice variety improvements.