ผลของการจัดการปุ๋ยที่แตกต่างกันต่อผลผลิตและคุณภาพของกาแฟอะราบิกาบนพื้นที่สูง จังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

The study on the effects of different fertilizer managements on yield and qualities of arabica coffee on highland, Chiang Mai province was conducted with the following objective: 1) to determine primary nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) requirements of arabica coffee in each growth stage and 2) comparing the use of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers on the quantity and quality of arabica coffee in highland, Chiang Mai province. The experiment were conducted in agricultural faculty field at Khun Chang Khian Highland Research and Training Center (site A) in the Suthep sup-district, Muang district, Chiang Mai province and Nong Hoi Highland Agricultural Research in the Pong Yeang sup-district, Mae Rim district, Chiang Mai province, from June 2020 to January 2021. The study on primary nutrient requirements in each growth stage was carried out in an agricultural faculty field at Khun Chang Khian Highland Research and Training Center (site A) in the Suthep sup-district, Muang district, Chiang Mai province and Nong Hoi Highland Agricultural Research in the Pong Yeang sup-district, Mae Rim district, Chiang Mai province. Arabica coffee samples in each growth stage were collect for determining the nutrient uptake of arabica coffee. The results showed that at harvest period (180 days after flower), the amount of nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) requirements of arabica coffee were about 33.45gram N/plant, 2.94 gram P/plant and 39.15 gram K/plant or 23.78 kilogram N/rai, 2.09 kilogram P2O5/rai และ 27.84 kilogram K2O/rai respectively. The study on the effects of different fertilizer managements on yield and qualities of arabica coffee on highland, Chiang Mai province was conducted in agricultural faculty field at Khun Chang Khian Highland Research and Training Center (site A) in the Suthep sup-district, Muang district, Chiang Mai province and Nong Hoi Highland Agricultural Research in the Pong Yeang sup-district, Mae Rim district, Chiang Mai province. The experiment design was a randomize complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and comprising four fertilizer management methods. These methods were: 1) common fertilization rate for coffee (CFR) (Nitrogen 54.00 grams per plant, Phosphorus 54.00 grams per plant and Potassium 54.00 grams per plant), 2) compost fertilizer application (CF) (3.00 kilograms per plant), 3) site-specific fertilizer managements (SSFM) (Nitrogen 49.98 grams per plant) and 4) control (no fertilizer application). The results demonstrated that fertilizer application treatments (treatments 1-3) did not have a significant impact on the plant height, canopy width, stem diameter, branches, nutrients concentration in leaves, quantity and quality of arabica coffee yields. However, the methods 3 of fertilizer management (Nitrogen 49.98 grams per tree) showed tendency to promote growth and yield better than the other methods on both study sites (fresh weight, fruit diameter, titrable acidity and caffeine contents) The arabica coffee had an average fresh fruits weight was 1.75 and 1.49 grams/fruit while average diameter through the center of the fruit was 14.55 and 13.14 centimeters, average total acidity obtained was 0.16 and 0.13% , average caffeine contents was 12.25 and 11.29 milligram/gram and the average yield was 8.38 and 6.36 kilograms/plant, respectively.