ความรุนแรงเชิงโครงสร้างในการพัฒนาด้านการจัดสรรทรัพยากรทางทะเลบนอ่าวบ้านดอน หมู่บ้านคลองราง ตำบลลีเล็ด อำเภอพุนพิน จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี

Abstract

This thesis creates a conceptual framework to point out the impact of development that causes structural violence, creating inequality in access to marine resources between local fishermen and entrepreneurs on Ban Don Bay, Khlong Rang Village, Lee Led Subdistrict, Phun Phin District, Surat Thani Province as well as seeking new development methods that can solve the structural violence and create a sustainable use of marine resources together. The objects of this thesis is to analyze the structural violence in the development of marine resource allocation and to find a development approach that leads to the sustainable development of the local fishermen community through the integration of 3 theoretical concepts, development theory, violence triangle and interest groups theory.

The study found that the form of structural violence is divided into 3 which are 1) Sea Food Bank Project in 2004 that aims to promote occupation and reduce poverty for local fisherman but there are few groups that can access to the marine resources. Therefore, Sea Food Bank is a project that affect to the way of life and occupation of local fisherman. 2) Surat Thani provincial consensus in 2014 that aims to stop the conflict between local fisherman and entrepreneurs but the resolution of Surat Thani provincial consensus resulted in the conflict escalate into violence and 3) Law enforcement and operational efficiency of local government which separate into 3 forms which are 3.1) inequities in law enforcement among local government agencies, 3.2) the enforcement of different laws between Surat Thani Provincial Fisheries Office and the Marine Surat Thani Regional Office and 3.3) efficiency of government mechanisms in problem solving which divide into 2 part, Surat Thani Provincial Fisheries Committee and obstacles in the operation of local government agencies.

These three forms cause inequality in access to marine resources between local fishermen and entrepreneurs that led to conflicts of land, conflicts of life and property safety and conflicts in the use of fishing gear. The effort of local government to stop the conflict is to announce the Surat Thani provincial consensus in 2014 but conflict management failed. Finally, the conflicts escalate to direct violence.

Throughout the conflict, the stakeholders have been formed that consist of local fishermen, entrepreneurs, local government, civil society, scholar, Thai Maritime Enforcement Command Center 2, Surat Thani and reporter. The interests of these stakeholders lead to a problem solutions by using 6 Sustainable Development Goals as a model and indicator which consist of Goal 10, Reduce Inequality, Goal 12, Responsible Consumption and Production, Goal 14, Life Below Water, Goal 15, Life on Land, Goal 16, Peace Justice and Strong Institution and Goal 17, Partnership for the Goals.

These 6 Goals are divided to 2 phases. Phases 1 aim to develop the humans and organization potential, reduce conflicts and violence first. When the community is strong both economically and politically including the relationship between local fisherman and entrepreneur and the relationship between local fisherman and local government agencies are improved then, phases 2 begin. Phases 2 aim to create sustainability in the marine resource allocation including joint actions between stakeholders.