ปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับพฤติกรรมสุขภาพในผู้ที่เป็นโรคไตเรื้อรังในชุมชน

Abstract

The purpose of this descriptive research was to investigate factors related to health behaviors among persons with chronic kidney disease. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model (PRECEDE Model) of Green and Kreuter (2005) was applied to formulate the conceptual framework of the study. One-hundred and seventy-five samples were selected using the simple random sampling technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire on personal data, predisposing factors, enabling factors, reinforcing factors and health behaviors among persons with chronic kidney disease. The content validity index was .93 while the reliability indices of each questionnaire were as follows: 1) predisposing factors: knowledge about chronic kidney disease at . 71, perception of risk of having chronic kidney disease at .71, perception of severity of chronic kidney disease at .74, perception of obstacles to preventing chronic kidney disease at .79, perception of benefits of preventing chronic kidney disease at .72 and perception of one's ability to prevent chronic kidney disease at .77; 2) enabling factors: accessibility to health care service at. 77; and 3) reinforcing factors : social support at . 73; and health behaviors among persons with chronic kidney disease at . 75. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that the mean score of the health behaviors was moderate (x̅ = 80.39, SD. = 10.36). After analyzing each aspect, it was found that stress management was high (x̅ = 9.62, SD. = 1.99); exercise behavior was moderate (x̅ = 10.47, SD. = 3.25); sleeping habit was moderate (x̅ = 8.63, SD. = 1.92); general treatment and self-care practice was moderate (x̅ = 33.75, SD. = 5.60); and eating and drinking habit was low (x̅ = 17.92, SD. = 4.19). It was also found that factors that were most predictive of health behaviors among people with chronic kidney disease in the community were perception of benefits of preventing chronic kidney disease; social support; perception of risk of having chronic kidney; and knowledge about chronic kidney disease, respectively (p < .001). Moreover, the predisposing factors and reinforcing factors are positively and moderately correlated. Together they were able to predict the health behaviors of people with chronic kidney disease in the community at 52.2% with a statistical significance of .001. These findings could be used to as guidelines for developing activities or programs that promote health behaviors in patients with diabetes and hypertension that who have stage 1 or 2 chronic kidney disease. Such activities or programs should focus on the perception of benefits of preventing chronic kidney disease; the perception of risk of having chronic kidney disease; knowledge about chronic kidney disease; and every activity or program should be contributed by social support.