ความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพและการดูแลเด็กโรคหัวใจพิการแต่กำเนิดหลังผ่าตัดหัวใจของผู้ดูแล

Abstract

The health literacy of caregivers is animportant factor in ensuring appropriate care for children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery. This correlational descriptive research aimed to investigate health literacy and caring among caregivers of children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery, and the relationship between health literacy and caring among caregivers of children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery. Samples were the primary caregivers of 1 –6 yearold children with VSD, ASD, and AVSD types of congenital heart disease, after VSD closure, ASD closure, and AVSD surgical repair types of cardiac surgery, who had followed up within three months of an operation at the Pediatric Heart Disease Clinic of Outpatient Departments in five tertiary hospitals. A total of 85 participants were recruited. Data were collected from June 2020 to April 2021. Instruments for data collection consisted of 1) the demographic data of caregivers and children with congenital heart disease record form, 2) the caregivers’ caring for children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery questionnaire, and 3) the caregivers’ health literacy assessment form regarding caring for children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery. The caregivers’ caring scale and the caregivers’ health literacy scale were developed by the researcher based on the relevant literature review. The content validity index (CVI) of both instruments were .99 and .88 and reliability were .81 and .87, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

The study results showed that: 1. The caregivers of children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery had a high level of health literacy in regard to taking care of children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery (x̅= 103.25, SD = 15.31); 2. The caregivers of children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery had a high level of overall caring for children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery (x̅= 125.22, SD = 14.32); and 3. Health literacy was moderately positively correlated with caring for children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery among caregivers at a .05 level of significance (r = .678, p < .01). The results of this study provide basic information for nurses to plan for promotion of health literacy among caregivers of children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery when they return home in order to provide appropriate care for their children.