การวิเคราะห์การใช้บริการขนส่งตามความต้องการระหว่างการแพร่ระบาดครั้งใหญ่ของโรคไวรัสโคโรนา 2019

Abstract

Mobility-on-Demand (MOD) services have currently reshaped the way people travel and commute around cities. With the help of advanced technologies, MOD services are conveniently accessible through a mobile digital platform connecting passengers to drivers, real-time offering personalised travel options to each passenger request, and enabling integration of trip planning and fare payment. However, the crisis of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected on the transport sector and travel behaviour, mainly due to the governmental lockdown measures and fears of contracting the virus. This study therefore aims to investigate the influences of factors affecting the travellers’ decision to use the MOD services focusing on the ride-hailing mobile application services, while developing decision-making models capturing their MOD travel behaviours with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Based on the literature review, potential influencing factors were listed and classified into two groups; socio-economic factors (i.e. gender, age, occupation, education, status, income, and vehicle possession) and factors related to the decision to use MOD services (i.e. convenience to use other transport modes, travel companion, fare perception, and travel time). Using the stated preference survey data of 411 observations, the binary logistic regression analysis was performed when the response is binary; i.e. two possible outcomes, in this case, Use MOD and Not-Use MOD. Meanwhile, the ordered logistic regression analysis was also performed to investigate whether there is a natural ordering to the outcome variables, in this case, the frequency of the MOD usage. The analysis went further by comparing the MOD travel behaviour between two time periods, namely Before the COVID-19 pandemic and During the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that, not only can the natural ordering to the outcome variables be statistically found, but also which factors influencing MOD travel behaviours with respect to the time periods can be pointed out. For Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the factors influencing the decision to use MOD are travel time, convenience to use other transport modes, fare perception, and vehicle possession. For During the COVID-19 pandemic, apart from the same factors shown significantly as in the Before the COVID-19 pandemic, an additional factor is Gender, indicating that females are likely to opt for the MOD service during the COVID-19 pandemic.