ปัจจัยทำนายความกลัวการคลอดบุตรในหญิงตั้งครรภ์วัยรุ่น

Abstract

Adolescent pregnant women have fear of childbirth from several factors. This fear of childbirth affects these women both physically and mentally during antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. The purpose of this predictive correlational research was to explore fear of childbirth and to investigate the predictability of self-esteem, social support, and planned pregnancy for adolescent pregnant women. The subjects were adolescent pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic at Health Promotion Center Region 1, Chiang Mai, Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai Province, Lampang Hospital, and Lamphun Hospital between November 2021 and June 2022. The 105 subjects were selected following the inclusion criteria. The research tools included the Personal Data Record Form, the Fear of Childbirth during Pregnancy Questionnaire Version A by Wijma, Wijma, and Zar (1998), Thai version by Kotchakorn Tampawiboon (2005); the Self-Esteem Scale by Rosenberg (1965), Thai version by Nutjaree Immak (2009); and the Social Support Questionnaire by Jirawan Niramitpasa (2008). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and stepwise multiple regression. The results revealed that: 1. Adolescent pregnant women had fear of childbirth at high and very high levels, 36.19% and 32.38%, respectively, and the mean score was 75.05 (S.D. = 17.53). 2. Self-esteem and social support can predict the fear of childbirth among adolescent pregnant women at 15.36% (p < .001). Planned pregnancy cannot predict fear of childbirth among adolescent pregnant women. These findings suggest that adolescent pregnant women should be assessed for fear of childbirth. Nurses-midwives should develop guidelines to promote self-esteem and social support for reducing fear of childbirth among adolescent pregnant women.