ฤทธิ์ลดไข้ ผลต่อสารบ่งชี้การเกิดไข้ และผลต่อปริมาณเกล็ดเลือดของสารสกัดบอระเพ็ดในสัตว์ทดลอง

Abstract

Boraphet (Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thomson) is a central and southeast asia plant. It has many therapeutic activities such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anticancer and appetizer. Accordingly, traditional medicine in many countries used part of the vine, roots and leaves of Boraphet to treat many diseases. Traditional and folk medicinal recipes in Thailand used Boraphet by boiling, liquor infusing, fresh eating, grinding and pilling. This research aimed to study the antipyretic activity of Boraphet ethanolic extract (TCE) and water extract (TCW), its effect on platelet amount and the mechanism of antipyretic effect in Wistar rat. The rat blood samples were collected 72 hours before the experiment to determine baseline value of platelet amount, blood biochemistry, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The fever was induced in the test animals using diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (Diptheria Tetanus Pertussis: DTP vaccine). When fever is detected, the TCE and TCW in the the amounts which equivalent to dried Boraphet powder of 30, 90 and 270 mg/kg were given by oral route. Then, body temperature was rectally measured every 30 minutes until 240 minutes. The blood samples were collected after 14 days of the experiment. The results showed that the mean body temperature reduction of TCE 30, 90 and 270 mg/kg were 1.62±0.33, 1.68±0.51 and 1.48±0.32 C, respectively, while those obtained from TCW were 1.18±0.19, 1.14±0.31 and 1.32±0.36 C, respectively. The positive control groups had the mean reduction after receiving paracetamol 93.00 mg/kg and ibuprofen 37.20 mg/kg of 1.62±0.78 and 1.48±0.18 C, respectively. The negative control group had a mean reduction of 0.96±0.31 C. The platelet amount before and after the experiment was not significantly different from the control groups (p>0.05). TCE decreased the serum cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than TCW at all concentrations. The highest dose of TCE was able to decrease serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). However, the effect of TCW on PGE2 was not clearly shown in this study. The blood biochemistry analyses showed that the BUN, creatinine AST, ALT and ALP values were slightly changed in all test group, but were not significantly different from the control groups (p>0.05). The histopathological analysis of liver and kidney tissue showed no significant difference among the experimental groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, both Tinospora crispa ethanolic and water extracts were effective in reducing fever similar to paracetamol and ibuprofen meanwhile exhibiting no effect on the platelet amount. The antipyretic mechanism of the extract was inhibition of COX-2 and PGE2. The results from this study could support the safety of single dose, short-term use of Boraphet extract as an antipyretic. However, more insight investigation on safety in human is needed especially for developing Boraphet as the antipyretic medicines in the future.