ความชุกและปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับความผิดปกติทางระบบโครงร่างและกล้ามเนื้อจากการทำงานในพนักงานขับรถโดยสารประจำทาง

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) in bus drivers. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 83 bus drivers. Data were collected using general information questionnaire, Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire to determine WRMSDs, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) to determine ergonomic risk and Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) to determine psychological risk. Disability of the back, neck and shoulder were assessed using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index respectively (SPADI). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and presented in frequency, percentage and mean. Correlation between pain and associated risks was analyzed using Chi-square. The results showed that the top three areas of pain prevalence in the past 12 months were found at the neck, back and shoulders accounted for 81.9%, 80.7% and 72.3%, respectively and in the past 7 days were at the back, neck and shoulders accounted for 53.0%, 49.4% and 25.3%. Factors associated with back pain in the past week were ergonomic (X2 = 4.021, p= 0.045) and drug intake (X2=4.554, p =0.033). Neck pain in the past week was associated with drug intake (X2= 4.634, p = 0.031) and hazard at work (X2 = 4.595, p = 0.032). Neck pain in the past year was associated with smoking (X2 = 4.514, p = 0.034) and psychological job demand (X2 = 3.865, p = 0.049). Shoulder pain in the past week was associated with age (X2 = 7.895, p= 0.019), underlying disease (X2 = 4.278, p=0.039), drug intake (X2= 9.756, p = 0.002), driving experience (X2 = 7.513, p = 0.023) and job security (X2 = 6.769, p = 0.009) and shoulder pain in the past 12 months were found to be associated with age (X2 = 7.347, p = 0.025) and hand dominant (X2= 4.558, p = 0.033). In conclusion, the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in bus drivers was relatively high and related to many factors. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in bus drivers are a problem that should be addressed appropriately