พฤติกรรมการออมเพื่อใช้ในการดำรงชีวิตยามชราภาพของพนักงานในสถาบันการเงิน

Abstract

This study in a sample of financial institutions’ employees aims to examine their socio-economic status, forms of saving, and influential factors of saving decisions, and assess their financial security for living at the old-age stage. The information was collected using the questionnaire from 400 samples distinguished into 200 samples of employees of state financial institutions and 200 samples of those of commercial banks operating in Chiang Mai Province. The analysis was performed upon the results of descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, and arithmetic mean, and the Likert’s 5-scale rating of factors determining savings decision. In the group of state financial institutions, it was found that the sampled employees are typically 34 years old on average, single, bachelor’s degree graduate, and having averagely 55,429 baht monthly income. Eighty-four percent of them are members of the Provident Fund in which each member has to pay 12.63 % of his/her salary as a contribution toward this scheme. There prevails volunteering personal savings behavior in this group of samples and the forms of savings are many in isolation and a portfolio. The most popular form of savings was found to be money deposit at a commercial bank in a personal savings account (38 % of the samples) because of the bank customer trusts that there is no risk of losing the savings and the possibility for him/her to check his/her account information. The second most common form is buying a life insurance policy particularly the life savings insurance type (18.00 % of the samples) because it provides both saving and life protection and the premium payment can be used for a tax deduction. The third most popular form of savings is buying assets particularly gold jewelry (12.% of the samples) because it is a highly liquid asset and easily changed into cash as well as helps build a good social image of the wearer. From the Provident Fund alone, it is estimated that after the retirement at 60 years old until the later life at 80 years old, each salaryman in this group will have 13,000 baht of money to use each month. In the group of commercial banks, the sampled employees were found to be characterized as 34 years old on average, single, bachelor’s degree graduate, and earning averagely 66,537.75 baht income per month. All of them are members of the Provident Fund and each contributes 18.07 % of his/her monthly salary to the Fund. They have also made voluntary savings in various forms singly or in combination. The most popular form of savings is money deposit in a savings account with a commercial bank (84.50 % of the samples) due to the depositor’s confidence that he/she will not lose his/her savings as well as can check his/her account information anytime. The second most common savings form is buying an insurance policy particularly the whole life insurance type (32.50 % of the samples) to protect against any risks that might occur in the entire life of the insured person and to use the premium payment for a tax deduction. The third most prevalent form of savings is buying assets especially gold jewelry (19.00 % of the samples) because it is a highly liquid asset, easily turned into cash, and helps build a good social image for the wearer. From the Provident Fund alone, it is estimated that after the retirement at 60 years old until the old age at 80 years old, each person in this group will have money to spend at 17,000 baht per month.