ผลกระทบและการปรับตัวของชาวปกาเกอะญอบ้านแม่ปิงต่อกระแสโลกาภิวัตน์และการท่องเที่ยว

Abstract

The purposes of the study were 1) to study the development, changing of settlement, land usage under Pga K’nyau Mae Ping’s Village toward the globalization and the tourism 2) to study the impact of globalization and tourism of Pga K’nyau Mae Ping’s Village and 3) to study the adapting of Pga K’nyau Mae Ping’s Village under the globalization and tourism which happened in Pai district, Mae Hong Son. This research was studied from the samples which were separated into two groups. The first group was the population totaling for 164 candidates who were obtained from using the questionnaire as well as the representatives of 12 household members who were acquired through in-depth interviews. The second group were 4 formal and informal community leaders which were the village headman, abbot, pastor, and the elderly who were conducting from the interview. The tools for data collection were questionnaires and interviewing, taking notes, analyzing statistical data by percentage, as well as content analysis combined with descriptive. The results were found that the community was impacted and adjusted themselves under globalization and tourism as followed; physical factors are impacted negative effects toward land used. There are many forests and more area encroachment in the community. Also, the land is smuggled to entrepreneur. Therefore, there is the adjustment of regulations on forest used which prohibit the purchase of land. It benefits to the community since there is no additional selling land which impacts positively to the way of life and ecosystems. Economic factor is impacted the negative effect since there was insufficient income to cover monthly expenses. So, additional career is preferred as adaptation. Previously, agricultural was only for subsistence, however, it is currently for trading. As well as, weaving was only for household in the past, but it is for selling to tourists at current. These contributes to the benefit of the community which lead populations earn more income. Society is impacted negatively in term of relationship in family members. Relationships among people in the community and relations with tourists as well as the population was found lack of cooperation in activities which causes conflicts within the community. Therefore, it results in adjustment by using culture and traditions for connecting the relationships among family members and communities. The rules and regulations are set for the community so it minimizes the conflicts within the community. The relationships among populations are improved to be in a better way. Identity is impacted negative effects toward religion, belief, traditions, culture, language, also arts and crafts were found that losing the identity of traditional in Pga K’nyau. The faith and respect of ghosts disappeared as well as traditional dressing and weaving and Pga K’nyau language. The community adjust themselves by using the religion as the connection in terms of doing activities and wearing the traditional Pga K’nyau costume in the religious ceremony in both Buddhism and Christianity. The government supports the teaching Pga K’nyau language in the children's center as well as in the school. These benefit to the community and contribute the populations in the community in terms of conserving the original identity. Pga K’nyau Mae Ping’s Village is significantly affected by its identity, society, physical and economic factors are following respectively. According to the impact of previous globalization and tourism, the community is not able to adapt by alerting only the awareness in community. The government should aware of the effects and create the plan in order to solve the mentioned problems by emphasizing the promotion of being a true ethnic community in order to preserve the original identity of the local community so that it cannot be changed or lost follow incoming prosperity.