พลวัตของ “ประชาธิปไตย” ในสาธารณรัฐเกาหลี หลังเหตุการณ์เรียกร้องประชาธิปไตยที่เมืองควังจู ค.ศ. 1980 ถึง ค.ศ. 2002

Abstract

The study entitled Dynamic of “Democracy” in Republic of Korea After the Gwangju Democratic Uprising 1980 to 2002” aimed to 1) study the dynamic of democratization process and 2) study and analyze the quality of democracy in Republic of Korea After the Gwangju Democratic Uprising 1980 to 2002. Two analytical frameworks were used in this study. The first framework was Stage of Democratization which consisted of (1) the decay of authoritarian rule, (2) transition, (3) consolidation and (4) the maturing of the democratic political order. Another framework was Quality of Democracy. The analysis of quality of democracy focused on studying democracy quality in the following dimensions: (1) Rule of Law (2) Representative and Accountable Government (3) Political Participation Civil and Society. These dimensions were used to indiat and cotagorize democracy quality as ‘very low quality of democracy’ (0), low to medium quality of democracy’ (1), ‘medium quality of democracy’ (2), medium to high quality of democracy’ (3) and ‘high quality of democracy’ (4). This study used qualitative research methodology which based on secondary literature. The result showed that democratization in Republic of Korea after the Gwangju Democratic from 1980 to 2002 could be divided into three eras. The first era was “the decay of authoritarian rule” during 1980 to 1987, quality of democracy in this era was low, with an average of 1.7. The second era was “the transition to democracy” from 1987 to 1999, the quality of democracy in this era was medium, with an average of 2.8. The third era was “the consolidation of democracy” from 1999 to 2002, quality of democracy of this era was medium to high, with an average of 3.2. The division of stages of democratization into three eras and quality of democracy of each eras showed that democratization in the Republic of Korea has succeeded in sequentially proceeding from the first to the third stage. The quality of democracy development in each era was a key factor which brought in the success in the democratization in the Republic of Korea without a return of and authoritarian rule.