การดูแลของมารดาและปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องในการส่งเสริมพัฒนาการของทารกเกิดก่อนกำหนด

Abstract

Appropriate developmental care of preterm infants by mothers could prevent infant developmental problems. The purpose of this study was to describe maternal care and related factors in developmental care of preterm infants consisted of: severity of preterm infants’ illness as perceived by mothers, maternal preparation for developmental care of preterm infants, and maternal opinion on the developmental care of preterm infants. The study sample included 85 mothers of preterm infants with gestational age [GA] < 37 weeks admitted to the neonatal unit of Maharaj Nakon Chiang Mai Hospital, Lampang Hospital, and Buddhachinaraj Pitsanulok Hospital, Participants were purposively selected and data were collected from April to September 2014. The study instruments were comprised of: (1) the ‘Maternal Care in Developmental Care of Preterm Infants as Perceived by Mothers’ questionnaire, (2) the ‘Severity of the Preterm Infant’s Illness as Perceived by Mothers’ scale, (3) the ‘Maternal Preparation for Developmental Care of Preterm Infants’ questionnaire, and (4) the ‘Maternal Opinion on Developmental Care of Preterm Infants’questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Spearman rank correlation.

The results showed that: 1. Sixty-eight point two percent of mothers provided developmental care of preterm infants on overall at almost every time. Considering each dimension, it was found that mothers managed the environment of infants by reducing light and noise, promoting rest, and providing kangaroo care or skin-to-skin contact at every time by 63.5%, 58.8%, and 42.4% respectively. Regarding dimensions of positioning the infants appropriately and infants’ self-regulation promotion, it was found that mothers provided these cares at almost every time by 62.4% and 54.1% respectively. For dimension of non-nutritive sucking promotion, mothers provided the care only sometimes by 52.9%. 2. The study showed that maternal preparation for developmental care of preterm infants had statistically significant positive relation at moderate level with maternal care in developmental care of preterm infants (r = .367, p < .01). Severity of preterm infants’ illness as perceived by mothers and maternal opinion on developmental care of preterm infants indicated no significant relation with maternal care in the developmental care of preterm infants. The results of the study provides baseline information about maternal care and related factors in developmental care of preterm infants. Effective maternal preparation by nurses, can enhance maternal care in developmental care of preterm infants appropriately.