การจัดการร่วมในฐานะพื้นที่ต่อรองเพื่อสร้างธรรมาภิบาลท้องถิ่นของเครือข่ายการจัดการทรัพยากรในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

The study aims to understand conditions and context of natural resource co-management application for conflict solution and negotiation of relevant actors in order to have rights on natural resource management; and analyze relationship between co-management and local governance establishment in Natural resource management. It is found that an important condition of co-management application for problem resolution in access to resource management rights is the limitation of both state and local administration and management. Co-management is a practice of establishment of resource management institution which leads to a possibility of negotiation and justice of resource allocation. The co-management system is therefore concerned as a platform that allows actors or stakeholders to have learning and negotiating space for balancing power in access to natural resource management rights of communities. The important factors of successful co-management are 1) social capital of communities and networks; 2) co-management process that serves as a space of learning, reconciling disputes, and equally allocating advantage for resource users, especially disadvantaged communities. The agent has important role to create such the process; 3) The information and appropriated tools; 4) The regulation, rule, or law that conform with an area’s context; and 5) The monitoring process and continuity of co-management. The co-management approach that relate to local governance of 3 target areas has been reflected in forms of 1) internal control by rule and regulation that is in line with local condition; 2) The formal acknowledgement of community’s regulation and rights, in the local legislation form; and 3) The investigation and balancing process by cooperated administration and management mechanism. These elements are conditions that control an orientation of co-management to the sustainable and equal co-management way. However, the finding from field study show that the risk or failure condition of co-management are external economic pressure, such as, the market demand on energy plants, conservation pressure, and environmental change. These conditions influence the maintenance of communities’ resource management system. So, the challenge of successful co-management is the question that how to contribute the communities’ adaptive ability and survival in the complex socio-ecological system.