Exploring the potential of critical realism in futures studies

Abstract

This dissertation aims to explore the potential of critical realism philosophy in providing a coherent theoretical basis for future studies. Explicitly articulating the philosophical principles that underlie a research paradigm can enhance the comprehension of how foresight practitioners and policymakers approach the framing, collection, and interpretation of data. Critical realism, which is founded on a deep understanding of reality, supports complexity in the social sciences and is a fitting epistemological framework for futures studies. Grounded in a deep explanation of reality, Critical realism highlights the complexity of social science and serves as an appropriate theory of knowledge for futures studies. Through the application of the CR positions of stratified ontology, the explanatory critique of causation, and retroduction, the findings highlight insights into the root causes of complex problems across inter-relating sectors and reveal the generative conditions for social change. Guided by judgmental rationality, critical realists challenge false consciousness and affirm the refinement of knowledge about the real world and claims about social reality. This ethical commitment steers futures studies and policy-making toward desirable futures and prosperity for all.