ผลกระทบทางเศรษฐกิจของการจัดตั้งเขตพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจพิเศษในประเทศไทย

Abstract

This research aims to study the impact of the establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) on Gross Provincial Product per Capita (GPP) and employment in provinces with SEZs. The analysis utilizes annual panel data from 2010 to 2022, covering 10 provinces in total. The Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Panel ARDL) model is employed to examine the long-term impact and equilibrium relationship on GPP and employment in provinces with SEZs. The results show that the implementation of the SEZ policy significantly increases GPP per capita in provinces with SEZs. Conversely, the long-term equilibrium relationship of factors affecting employment in SEZ provinces remains uncertain. SEZs have a positive impact on household savings but a negative impact on income, both findings being statistically significant. Additionally, the impact of investment within SEZs is not statistically significant. Therefore, the government should have plans to develop local labor skills to better adapt to the new economic conditions and access higher-paying jobs.