การประเมินสมดุลน้ำและรอยเท้าน้ำ เพื่อการบริหารจัดการทรัพยากรน้ำของปางช้าง ในอำเภอแม่แตง และอำเภอแม่วาง จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ในปี พ.ศ. 2564

Abstract

Water is an important factor in consumption. High consumption of water may cause water shortage. Water resource management is important to achieve a balance with nature and a fair distribution of water to all sectors. The elephant camp is one of the businesses that have both direct and indirect water usages. The consumption of the elephant camp may affect the water resources and the ecosystems surrounding the elephant camp. The objective of this research is to assess balance of water resources and water footprints from elephant camp activities in Chiang Mai Province. Data were collected from 4 elephant camps in Mae Taeng and Mae Wang Districts, including Mae Taeng, Mae Tamhan, Mae Phin and Phu Tawan elephant camp, respectively in November 2020 to April 2021. The elephant camps water map, water budget and total water consumption from elephant camp activities were calculated for the water balance. The results showed that the water balance analysis in every elephant camp had enough water budget for water demand of the elephant camps However, the water footprints analysis showed that most of the elephant camps still lack effective waste management. In contrast, Mae Taeng elephant camp has enough water resources waste management according to environmental standards. The elephant camps should be efficient water and waste management and environmentally friendly for tourism and sustainable use